5 Warning Signs Your Vehicle's Heating System Needs Repair in Colorado

Discover expert oil change insights from Action Automotive Service in Colorado Springs, CO. Ensure your vehicle's optimal performance. Schedule an online appointment now!

Your vehicle relies on several vital fluids to keep running smoothly, and Colorado's unique climate makes regular fluid maintenance even more important. From the high altitude of the Pikes Peak region to the temperature swings that can hit 50 degrees in a single day, Colorado Springs drivers face conditions that put extra stress on their vehicle's fluid systems. Learning to check these fluids yourself can help you catch problems early, save money on repairs, and avoid getting stranded on Highway 24 or I-25. Here's what every Colorado Springs driver should know about their vehicle's essential fluids. Engine Oil: Your Engine's Lifeline Engine oil lubricates moving parts and helps regulate temperature. In Colorado's dry climate and varying elevations, checking your oil regularly becomes even more critical. How to Check: Park on level ground and wait at least 10 minutes after driving. Pull out the dipstick, clean it with a rag, reinsert it fully, then pull it out again. The oil level should be between the minimum and maximum marks. What to Look For: Fresh oil appears amber or black and flows smoothly. If your oil looks thick, gritty, or has metal particles, it needs changing immediately. Colorado's dusty conditions can contaminate oil faster than in other climates. When to Change: Most vehicles need oil changes every 3,000 to 7,500 miles, but check your owner's manual. Mountain driving and stop-and-go traffic in Colorado Springs can shorten intervals. Coolant: Protection Against Temperature Extremes Colorado's temperature swings make coolant especially important. Your cooling system prevents overheating in summer and freezing in winter, when temperatures in Colorado Springs can drop below zero. How to Check: Only check coolant when the engine is completely cool. Look at the coolant reservoir tank, usually a translucent container near the radiator. The level should be between the "MIN" and "MAX" lines. What to Look For: Coolant should be bright green, orange, or pink depending on your vehicle's type. Brown, rusty, or cloudy coolant indicates contamination or old fluid that needs replacement. Colorado Tip: The high altitude around Colorado Springs can cause coolant to boil at lower temperatures. Make sure your coolant mixture is appropriate for our elevation and climate. Brake Fluid: Essential for Mountain Safety With routes like the Manitou Incline and drives up to Woodland Park, Colorado Springs drivers rely heavily on their brakes. Brake fluid is what transfers the pressure from your brake pedal to your brake pads. How to Check: Locate the brake fluid reservoir, usually a small, clear container on top of the brake master cylinder. The fluid level should be between the minimum and maximum lines. What to Look For: Fresh brake fluid is clear to light yellow. Dark brown or black fluid needs immediate replacement. Any moisture or debris in the fluid is a red flag. Warning Signs: If your brake pedal feels spongy or sinks to the floor, you may have a brake fluid leak. This is a serious safety issue that needs immediate professional attention. Power Steering Fluid: Smooth Handling for All Conditions Whether you're parking downtown or taking curves on Gold Camp Road, power steering fluid helps you maintain control of your vehicle. How to Check: With the engine warm and running, remove the power steering reservoir cap. Some vehicles have a dipstick attached to the cap, while others have level markings on the reservoir itself. What to Look For: Power steering fluid is typically red or clear when new. Dark, thick, or foamy fluid indicates it's time for a change. Unusual noises when turning the wheel often point to low power steering fluid. Transmission Fluid: Keeping You Moving Transmission fluid lubricates and cools your transmission components. Colorado's mountain driving puts extra strain on transmissions, making regular checks important. How to Check: Many newer vehicles don't have a transmission dipstick, requiring professional service. For vehicles that do, check with the engine running and transmission warm, following your owner's manual instructions exactly. What to Look For: Transmission fluid should be bright red and smell slightly sweet. Brown or black fluid with a burnt smell indicates serious problems that need immediate attention. Windshield Washer Fluid: Clear Vision in All Weather Colorado's dry, dusty conditions and winter road salt make windshield washer fluid essential for maintaining visibility. How to Check: The windshield washer reservoir is usually marked with a windshield symbol. Simply remove the cap and check the fluid level visually. Colorado Considerations: Use washer fluid rated for sub-zero temperatures. Regular water will freeze in Colorado winters and can damage your washer system. Keep extra fluid in your garage – Colorado conditions can deplete it quickly. Battery Electrolyte: Power in Extreme Conditions While many modern batteries are sealed, some still allow you to check electrolyte levels. Colorado's temperature extremes are particularly hard on batteries. How to Check: Remove the battery caps (if present) and look at the fluid level in each cell. It should cover the internal plates but not overflow. Safety Note: Battery acid is corrosive. Wear safety glasses and gloves, and never smoke near a battery. Signs You Need Professional Help While checking fluids is something most drivers can do, some situations require professional attention: Any fluid that's contaminated or the wrong color Rapid fluid loss indicating leaks Fluid levels that drop quickly after topping off Unusual smells or noises related to fluid systems Seasonal Considerations for Colorado Springs Summer: Check coolant more frequently during hot weather. Mountain driving can cause overheating. Winter: Ensure all fluids are rated for freezing temperatures. Cold weather thickens fluids and reduces their effectiveness. Spring: After winter, check for leaks that may have developed from freeze-thaw cycles. Fall: Prepare for temperature drops by ensuring all fluids are topped off and in good condition. Professional Fluid Service in Colorado Springs Regular fluid checks are important, but professional service ensures your vehicle's systems work properly together. At Action Automotive Service, our experienced technicians can perform comprehensive fluid services, from routine oil changes to complete transmission fluid replacement. We use only manufacturer-quality parts and fluids designed to handle Colorado's challenging conditions. Whether you need a simple oil change or suspect a fluid leak, our team can diagnose and fix the problem quickly. Don't let fluid problems leave you stranded in Colorado Springs. Call Action Automotive Service at (719) 633-0008 or book online today. We're conveniently located at 3335 Fillmore Ridge Heights and proud to offer 10% military discounts to our service members.

As autumn settles into Colorado Springs and the surrounding areas, it's time to prepare your vehicle for the changing seasons. With winter weather just around the corner and temperatures dropping in the Pikes Peak region, taking care of your car now can save you from costly repairs and dangerous breakdowns later. Colorado's unpredictable weather patterns make fall maintenance especially important. From sudden snowstorms in the mountains to freezing temperatures that can hit the Springs overnight, your vehicle needs to be ready for whatever Mother Nature throws your way. Check Your Tires and Alignment Your tires are your first line of defense against Colorado's varied road conditions. Start by examining the tread depth on all four tires. A simple penny test works well – insert a penny into the tread with Lincoln's head facing down. If you can see the top of his head, it's time for new tires. Don't forget to check tire pressure regularly. Cold Colorado mornings can cause tire pressure to drop significantly, affecting your fuel economy and handling. Most vehicles have recommended pressure levels listed on a sticker inside the driver's door. While you're focused on tires, consider having your wheel alignment checked. Colorado Springs' pothole-filled streets and mountain driving can knock your wheels out of alignment, causing uneven tire wear and poor handling. Inspect Your Brakes With icy conditions ahead, reliable brakes are essential for safe driving in Colorado. Listen for squealing, grinding, or unusual noises when braking. Pay attention to how your brake pedal feels – it should be firm, not spongy or requiring extra pressure. Mountain driving puts extra stress on brake systems, especially when coming down from popular destinations like Manitou Springs or Woodland Park. Have your brake pads, rotors, and brake fluid checked before winter arrives. Test Your Battery and Electrical System Cold weather is tough on car batteries. Colorado's temperature swings can reduce battery capacity by up to 50%. If your battery is more than three years old, have it tested to ensure it can handle freezing temperatures. Clean any corrosion from battery terminals and make sure connections are tight. Consider keeping jumper cables in your vehicle – they're invaluable during Colorado winters when batteries are more likely to fail. Service Your Engine and Oil Regular oil changes become even more critical as temperatures drop. Cold weather makes oil thicker, making it harder for your engine to start and operate efficiently. If you haven't had an oil change recently, now's the perfect time. Check all fluid levels, including coolant, transmission fluid, and windshield washer fluid. Colorado's dry climate and road salt can quickly deplete washer fluid, so keep it topped off with a winter-grade formula that won't freeze. Prepare Your Heating and Cooling System Before you need your heater on those chilly Colorado Springs mornings, test your heating and air conditioning system. A properly functioning system isn't just about comfort – it's essential for defrosting windows and maintaining visibility. Check your cabin air filter too. Colorado's dust and pollen can clog filters quickly, reducing heating efficiency and air quality inside your vehicle. Don't Forget Your Timing Belt Timing belt failure can cause catastrophic engine damage, and cold weather can make older belts more likely to snap. If your vehicle has high mileage or it's been a while since your timing belt was replaced, have it inspected by a professional. Most timing belts need replacement between 60,000 and 100,000 miles, depending on your vehicle's make and model. Stock Your Emergency Kit Colorado weather can change rapidly, especially in the mountains. Prepare an emergency kit with essentials like: Warm blankets and extra clothing Non-perishable snacks and water Flashlight and extra batteries First aid supplies Ice scraper and snow brush Jumper cables Basic tools Schedule Your Suspension Service Colorado's rough roads and mountain terrain are hard on suspension systems. Worn shocks and struts affect handling, braking distance, and tire wear. If you notice your vehicle bouncing excessively, pulling to one side, or if tires are wearing unevenly, your suspension may need attention. Plan Ahead for Winter Driving Consider switching to winter tires if you frequently drive in mountain areas or expect to encounter snow and ice regularly. All-season tires work for many Colorado Springs residents, but winter tires provide superior traction in harsh conditions. Keep your gas tank at least half full during winter months. This prevents fuel lines from freezing and ensures you have enough fuel if you get stuck in traffic during a snowstorm. Ready to Get Your Vehicle Winter-Ready? Don't wait until the first snowfall to discover your car isn't ready for Colorado's challenging winter conditions. At Action Automotive Service, our experienced technicians can handle every item on your fall maintenance checklist – from brake inspections and oil changes to timing belt service and suspension work. Located at 3335 Fillmore Ridge Heights in Colorado Springs, we're your trusted partner for keeping your vehicle safe and reliable through every season. We work on all domestic and foreign vehicles, and we're proud to offer a 10% military discount to honor those who serve our community. Call us today at (719) 633-0008 or book your appointment online. Let us help you prepare your vehicle for whatever Colorado weather brings your way.

Owning a vehicle in Colorado Springs presents unique challenges that can either significantly extend or dramatically shorten your car's lifespan. From the high altitude effects on engine performance to the extreme temperature swings that stress every component, Colorado's environment demands more from vehicles than many other locations. However, with the right maintenance approach, drivers in the Pikes Peak region can keep their vehicles running reliably for 200,000 miles or more. The key to maximizing your vehicle's lifespan lies in preventive maintenance tailored to Colorado's specific conditions. While generic maintenance schedules provide a starting point, drivers in Colorado Springs need to adapt their approach to address altitude effects, temperature extremes, and challenging driving conditions that come with mountain living. Here's how smart maintenance practices can help your vehicle thrive in Colorado Springs and deliver years of reliable service. Colorado's Impact on Vehicle Longevity Colorado Springs' unique environment affects every aspect of your vehicle's operation and longevity. At over 6,000 feet elevation, your engine works harder to produce the same power output as at sea level. Add frequent trips up to Woodland Park, Cripple Creek, or Pikes Peak, and your vehicle faces challenges that accelerate wear if not properly addressed. Altitude Effects on Engine Systems Reduced Air Density: At Colorado Springs' elevation, air contains about 20% less oxygen than at sea level. This forces your engine to work harder, generating more heat and stress on internal components. Fuel System Adjustments: Modern fuel injection systems compensate for altitude, but older vehicles may run rich or lean, affecting engine longevity. Cooling System Stress: Engines work harder at altitude, generating more heat that cooling systems must manage. This increased workload can shorten radiator and water pump life. Temperature Extremes and Daily Variations Colorado Springs experiences some of the most dramatic daily temperature swings in the country, sometimes varying 40-50 degrees between morning and evening. These extreme changes stress every component in your vehicle. Metal Expansion and Contraction: Repeated heating and cooling cycles stress engine blocks, gaskets, and seals. Fluid Viscosity Changes: Motor oil, transmission fluid, and other lubricants change consistency dramatically with temperature, affecting protection and performance. Battery Performance: Cold temperatures can reduce battery capacity by 50% or more, while heat accelerates chemical breakdown inside the battery. Engine Maintenance for Colorado Conditions Your engine is your vehicle's heart, and Colorado's conditions demand special attention to keep it running strong for maximum lifespan. Oil Change Intervals and Quality Frequent Changes: Colorado's dusty conditions and temperature extremes contaminate oil faster than in milder climates. Consider changing oil every 3,000-5,000 miles rather than following extended intervals. Quality Matters: Use high-quality synthetic or synthetic blend oils that maintain viscosity across Colorado's temperature range. Cheap oils break down quickly in extreme conditions. Filter Upgrades: Colorado's dusty environment clogs air and oil filters rapidly. Use high-quality filters and change them more frequently than manufacturer recommendations. Cooling System Excellence Coolant Quality: Use manufacturer-specified coolant with proper antifreeze protection for Colorado temperatures. Cheap coolant can cause corrosion and system failure. Regular Flushes: Colorado's mineral-rich water can cause cooling system deposits. Flush cooling systems every 30,000-50,000 miles or as recommended. Component Inspection: Have radiators, water pumps, and thermostats inspected regularly. Mountain driving puts extra stress on these components. Transmission Care for Mountain Driving Colorado's mountainous terrain puts extraordinary stress on transmissions. Proper maintenance can extend transmission life from 100,000 miles to 200,000+ miles. Fluid Service Intervals Shortened Schedules: Mountain driving generates excessive transmission heat. Change transmission fluid every 30,000-50,000 miles instead of manufacturer's longer intervals. Quality Fluids: Use only manufacturer-specified transmission fluids. Generic fluids may not provide adequate protection under Colorado's demanding conditions. Cooling System Maintenance: Ensure transmission coolers are clean and functioning properly. Clogged coolers cause overheating and premature failure. Driving Technique Impact Engine Braking: Use lower gears when descending mountain roads to reduce brake wear and transmission stress. Gradual Acceleration: Avoid aggressive acceleration on steep grades. Steady, moderate acceleration reduces transmission strain. Warm-Up Periods: Allow transmissions to warm up during cold Colorado mornings before demanding full performance. Brake System Longevity Mountain driving is notorious for shortening brake life, but proper maintenance and technique can dramatically extend brake component lifespan. Component Quality and Service Premium Parts: Invest in high-quality brake pads and rotors designed for mountain driving. Cheap parts wear quickly and can damage other components. Regular Inspections: Have brakes inspected every 15,000-20,000 miles or before extended mountain trips. Catch problems early to prevent expensive repairs. Fluid Maintenance: Replace brake fluid every 2-3 years. Moisture contamination reduces braking performance and causes corrosion. Driving Techniques for Brake Longevity Engine Braking: Use lower gears on descents to reduce brake usage and heat buildup. Gradual Application: Avoid riding brakes or sudden stops when possible. Smooth, gradual braking reduces wear and heat. Cooling Periods: Allow brakes to cool during extended downhill driving by using turnouts when safe. Tire and Suspension Maintenance Colorado's rough roads and diverse driving conditions demand excellent tire and suspension maintenance for maximum vehicle lifespan. Tire Care Strategies Rotation Schedules: Rotate tires every 5,000-7,500 miles to ensure even wear. Colorado's varied driving conditions can cause irregular wear patterns. Pressure Monitoring: Check tire pressure monthly. Colorado's temperature swings cause significant pressure variations that affect tire life and vehicle performance. Quality Investment: Purchase quality tires appropriate for Colorado conditions. Cheap tires wear quickly and provide poor performance. Suspension System Attention Regular Inspections: Have suspension components inspected annually. Colorado's rough roads accelerate wear on shocks, struts, and suspension bushings. Alignment Maintenance: Get wheel alignments annually or after hitting significant potholes. Proper alignment prevents premature tire wear and improves handling. Component Replacement: Replace worn suspension components promptly. Worn parts stress other components and reduce vehicle safety. Electrical System Protection Colorado's extreme conditions are particularly hard on electrical systems, but proper care can prevent premature failures. Battery Maintenance Testing Schedule: Have batteries tested annually after 3 years of service. Colorado's temperature extremes shorten battery life significantly. Terminal Care: Clean battery terminals regularly and apply protective coating to prevent corrosion. Replacement Timing: Replace batteries proactively rather than waiting for failure. Dead batteries can damage alternators and other electrical components. Charging System Care Alternator Maintenance: Have charging systems tested during routine service. Overworked alternators in Colorado conditions may fail prematurely. Belt Inspection: Check drive belts regularly. Temperature extremes can cause cracking and failure. Seasonal Maintenance Schedules Colorado's distinct seasons require adapted maintenance schedules to maximize vehicle lifespan. Spring Preparation Winter Damage Assessment: Inspect for salt corrosion, pothole damage, and winter wear after harsh weather. Fluid Changes: Replace fluids that may have been contaminated during winter driving. System Testing: Test air conditioning, cooling systems, and other components before summer heat arrives. Summer Readiness Cooling System Focus: Ensure cooling systems are ready for mountain driving and hot weather. Tire Preparation: Check tire condition before vacation season and mountain driving. Brake Inspection: Verify brake condition before increased summer driving. Fall Preparation Winter Prep: Prepare all systems for cold weather and challenging conditions. Fluid Updates: Switch to cold-weather appropriate fluids and check levels. Emergency Equipment: Ensure emergency supplies are current and accessible. Winter Maintenance Cold Weather Adjustments: Adapt maintenance schedules for harsh winter conditions. Component Protection: Take extra care of batteries, tires, and fluid systems during cold months. Safety Inspections: Ensure heating, defrosting, and traction systems work properly. Professional Maintenance Partnerships While drivers can perform basic maintenance, professional service ensures comprehensive care that maximizes vehicle lifespan. Diagnostic Technology Modern vehicles require sophisticated diagnostic equipment to identify problems before they cause major damage. Professional shops have tools that can detect issues early. Manufacturer Knowledge Professional technicians stay current with manufacturer service bulletins, recalls, and updates that affect vehicle longevity. Quality Parts and Fluids Established shops use manufacturer-quality parts and fluids that provide optimal protection and performance. Investment vs. Replacement Decisions Smart maintenance requires balancing repair costs with vehicle value and replacement timing. Repair Cost Analysis Major Components: Engines, transmissions, and other major components may justify significant repair investments in vehicles with otherwise good condition. Age and Mileage Factors: Consider vehicle age, mileage, and overall condition when deciding on expensive repairs. Preventive vs. Reactive: Preventive maintenance almost always costs less than reactive repairs after component failure. Professional Maintenance Services in Colorado Springs Maximizing your vehicle's lifespan requires expert knowledge of Colorado's unique conditions and how they affect different vehicle systems. At Action Automotive Service, our experienced technicians understand the specific challenges that Colorado Springs drivers face and tailor maintenance recommendations accordingly. We provide comprehensive maintenance services using manufacturer-quality parts and fluids designed to handle Colorado's demanding conditions. From routine oil changes to complex engine repairs, our team focuses on preventive care that extends vehicle life and prevents costly breakdowns. Our digital vehicle inspection system helps identify potential problems before they become expensive repairs, and our customer-centric approach ensures you're informed about your vehicle's condition and maintenance needs. Ready to maximize your vehicle's lifespan with expert Colorado-specific maintenance? Call Action Automotive Service at (719) 633-0008 or book your maintenance appointment online today. Located at 3335 Fillmore Ridge Heights, we're your trusted partner for long-term vehicle care in Colorado Springs.

Fall in Colorado Springs brings stunning aspen colors, crisp mountain air, and some of the year's most beautiful driving weather. But it also brings unique challenges that can catch unprepared drivers off guard. From sudden temperature drops to early snowfall in the higher elevations around Pikes Peak, your vehicle needs to be ready for Colorado's unpredictable fall conditions. Here's your complete guide to getting your car ready for everything fall weather can throw at you in the Colorado Springs area. Check Your Battery Before Cold Weather Hits Why fall battery checks matter: Car batteries lose about 20% of their power when temperatures drop from 80°F to 32°F. In Colorado Springs, you might experience both temperatures in the same week during fall. Add our high altitude into the mix, and battery failures become much more common. Warning signs of battery trouble: Engine cranks slowly on cold mornings Headlights dim when idling Dashboard warning lights appear intermittently Corrosion around battery terminals Battery case looks swollen or cracked Fall battery maintenance: Clean terminals and apply protective spray Test battery capacity and charging system Replace batteries over three years old Keep jumper cables in your vehicle Colorado Springs tip: Temperature swings between the city (6,035 feet) and nearby mountain areas can be dramatic. If you regularly drive to higher elevations, your battery works even harder. Inspect Your Heating System Nothing's worse than discovering your heater doesn't work during the first cold snap. Fall is the perfect time to test your heating and defrosting systems before you really need them. Test these heating components: Cabin heater output and temperature Defrost function for windshield and rear window Blower motor at all speeds Temperature control accuracy Common heating problems: Clogged cabin air filter reduces airflow Low coolant affects heater core function Thermostat problems prevent proper heating Blower motor issues cause weak airflow Prepare for Sudden Weather Changes Colorado Springs weather can change quickly during fall. One day you're driving with windows down, the next you're dealing with frost or even snow. Your vehicle needs to handle these rapid transitions smoothly. Weather preparation checklist: Check windshield wiper condition and operation Test windshield washer fluid system Inspect tire tread depth for wet road traction Verify all lights work properly for shorter days Clean inside windows to prevent fogging Mountain driving considerations: If you plan to visit areas like Woodland Park, Cripple Creek, or the Pikes Peak region during fall, be prepared for more extreme weather changes with elevation. Tire Inspection and Preparation Fall tire maintenance is crucial in Colorado Springs. While you might not need winter tires yet, your current tires need to handle wet leaves, frost, and potentially early snow. Tire inspection points: Tread depth should be at least 4/32 inch for wet weather traction Look for uneven wear patterns that indicate alignment issues Check for sidewall cracks or bulges Ensure proper tire pressure (it drops with temperature) All-season tire evaluation: Most Colorado Springs drivers use all-season tires year-round. Fall is a good time to evaluate whether your tires will make it through winter or need replacement. Spare tire check: Don't forget your spare tire. Fall weather increases the chance you'll need it, especially on mountain roads with temperature-related pressure changes. Cooling System Winterization Your cooling system works year-round, not just in summer. Fall maintenance prevents freeze damage and ensures proper heating system operation during colder months. Coolant system maintenance: Test coolant mixture for proper freeze protection Inspect hoses for cracks or soft spots Check radiator cap and overflow tank Look for signs of coolant leaks Flush system if coolant is more than two years old Colorado-specific concerns: High altitude and temperature extremes put extra stress on cooling system components. Even small leaks can become big problems when temperatures drop. Brake System Performance Fall weather conditions like wet leaves, frost, and occasional snow require reliable braking performance. Now's the time to address any brake issues before conditions become challenging. Brake inspection checklist: Listen for squealing or grinding noises Feel for vibration when braking Check brake fluid level and color Test parking brake operation Inspect brake pads and rotors Wet weather braking: Fall precipitation and morning frost create slippery conditions. Properly maintained brakes are essential for safe stopping on Colorado's mountain roads. Lighting System Check Shorter fall days mean you'll use your lights more often. Colorado's mountain terrain can create deep shadows even during daylight hours, making good lighting essential for safety. Complete lighting inspection: Test headlights on both low and high beam Check all turn signals and hazard lights Verify brake lights and reverse lights work Clean lens covers for maximum brightness Replace any burned-out bulbs Visibility improvements: Consider upgrading to brighter halogen or LED bulbs for better visibility during Colorado's shorter fall days. Emergency Kit Updates Fall weather can be unpredictable in Colorado Springs. Having the right emergency supplies can turn a minor inconvenience into a manageable situation. Fall emergency kit essentials: Warm blankets or sleeping bags Extra clothing and waterproof layers Non-perishable food and water Flashlight with extra batteries First aid kit Ice scraper and snow brush Sand or kitty litter for traction Jumper cables or battery pack Fluid Level Checks Cold weather affects all your vehicle's fluids. Fall is the perfect time to check levels and change fluids that have been working hard through the summer driving season. Important fluids to check: Engine oil condition and level Brake fluid color and level Power steering fluid Transmission fluid Windshield washer fluid (use winter formula) Air Filter Replacement Summer driving in Colorado Springs means dust, pollen, and particles from unpaved mountain roads. A clean air filter improves engine performance and fuel economy, which becomes more important as driving conditions become more demanding. Filter replacement benefits: Better engine performance in thinner mountain air Improved fuel economy Reduced engine wear Better throttle response Professional Fall Inspection While you can check many items yourself, a professional fall inspection can catch problems you might miss. This is especially valuable before Colorado's unpredictable winter weather arrives. Professional inspection advantages: Comprehensive system testing Early problem detection Expert advice on Colorado driving conditions Warranty coverage on repairs Peace of mind for fall and winter driving Timing Your Fall Maintenance Don't wait until the first snow warning to think about fall preparation. Early fall maintenance gives you time to address any issues before emergency repairs become necessary. Ideal timing: September: Basic inspections and fluid checks Early October: Tire and battery services Late October: Final preparations before winter weather Stay Ahead of Colorado Weather Fall in Colorado Springs offers some of the year's best driving conditions, but being prepared makes all the difference between enjoying the season and being stranded by unexpected weather changes. From daily commutes through the city to weekend adventures in the mountains, proper fall vehicle preparation ensures you're ready for whatever Colorado throws your way. Don't let a preventable breakdown ruin your plans or put your safety at risk when conditions change quickly. Schedule your fall vehicle inspection today. Our experienced technicians know exactly what Colorado Springs drivers need to stay safe and reliable through fall's changing conditions. We'll check all the critical systems and help you prepare for the months ahead. Drive confidently through every fall adventure knowing your vehicle is ready for Colorado's unique challenges.

Colorado Springs experiences some of the most dramatic temperature changes in the country. One day you might need your air conditioning for an 85-degree afternoon, and the next morning you're dealing with frost on your windshield. These rapid seasonal transitions put unique stress on your vehicle's air conditioning system, making pre-seasonal maintenance more critical than in most other climates. Here's why servicing your A/C system before Colorado's temperature rollercoaster begins can save you money, discomfort, and emergency repairs when you least expect them. Colorado's Unique A/C Challenges Extreme temperature variations: Colorado Springs can experience temperature swings of 50 degrees or more within 24 hours during seasonal transitions. Your A/C system has to work harder to cool your vehicle when outside temperatures fluctuate wildly. High-altitude effects: At 6,035 feet above sea level, the thinner air affects how efficiently your A/C system operates. Compressors work harder at altitude, and refrigerant behaves differently in the lower atmospheric pressure. Intense UV exposure: Colorado's high-altitude sunshine is more intense than at sea level. This increased UV radiation breaks down rubber seals, hoses, and other A/C components faster than in lower elevations. Mountain driving demands: Trips to Pikes Peak, Woodland Park, or other mountain destinations put extra stress on A/C systems. Stop-and-go traffic in tourist areas combined with steep grades increases operating temperatures. Seasonal Transition Stress Points Spring startup challenges: After months of winter storage, A/C systems often develop problems. Seals dry out, refrigerant leaks occur, and components that haven't operated for months may fail when first used. Summer overload: Colorado Springs summers can reach the 90s, forcing A/C systems to work continuously. Systems that weren't properly maintained often fail during the first extended heat wave. Fall preparation: Late-season A/C use is common in Colorado when October temperatures still reach the 70s and 80s. Systems need to be ready for these unexpected warm spells. Winter dormancy effects: Even though you won't use A/C much in winter, proper pre-winter service prevents moisture buildup and component degradation during storage months. Warning Signs Your A/C Needs Service Reduced cooling performance: If your A/C doesn't get as cold as it used to, or takes longer to cool your vehicle, it's time for service. This is especially noticeable during Colorado's intense summer heat. Unusual noises: Squealing, grinding, or clicking sounds when you turn on the A/C indicate component problems that could lead to expensive failures. Strange odors: Musty, sweet, or chemical smells from your vents suggest problems with the evaporator, refrigerant leaks, or mold growth in the system. Visible leaks: Puddles under your car (other than normal condensation) or oily spots on A/C components indicate refrigerant leaks that need immediate attention. Inconsistent operation: A/C that works intermittently or only at certain speeds suggests electrical problems or failing components. Benefits of Pre-Seasonal A/C Service Catch problems early: Small issues like minor refrigerant leaks or worn belts are much less expensive to fix than major component failures during peak season. Improve efficiency: A properly maintained A/C system cools better and uses less fuel, saving you money at the gas pump during Colorado's high-altitude driving. Extend system life: Regular maintenance prevents premature component failure and extends the life of expensive parts like compressors and evaporators. Ensure reliability: There's nothing worse than A/C failure during a summer drive through Garden of the Gods or while stuck in traffic on I-25 during a heat wave. What Professional A/C Service Includes System inspection: Technicians check all components including compressor, condenser, evaporator, hoses, and electrical connections for signs of wear or damage. Refrigerant level check: Proper refrigerant levels are critical for efficient operation. Too little or too much refrigerant reduces cooling performance and can damage components. Leak testing: Using specialized equipment, technicians can detect small leaks that might not be visible but will cause problems over time. Belt and hose inspection: A/C systems rely on belts and hoses that can crack or wear out, especially in Colorado's extreme temperature variations. Cabin air filter replacement: This often-forgotten component affects airflow and air quality. Mountain driving and dusty conditions require more frequent replacement. High-Altitude A/C Considerations Compressor performance: A/C compressors work harder at altitude, making regular maintenance even more important for Colorado Springs drivers. Refrigerant behavior: Lower atmospheric pressure affects how refrigerant flows through your system, requiring precise adjustment for optimal performance. Cooling efficiency: Thinner air doesn't transfer heat as efficiently, making proper A/C operation more critical for passenger comfort. Component stress: All A/C components experience increased stress at altitude, shortening their lifespan without proper maintenance. Timing Your A/C Service Spring service: March or April is ideal for A/C service before you need it during the first warm spell. This avoids the rush when everyone's A/C fails during the first heat wave. Pre-summer check: Early May service ensures your system is ready for Colorado's intense summer sun and high temperatures. Fall maintenance: September service prepares your system for unexpected warm weather and addresses any issues before winter storage. Winter preparation: Even though you won't use A/C much, running the system monthly and addressing any moisture issues prevents problems. Cost-Effective Maintenance Preventive approach: Regular A/C service costs much less than emergency repairs during peak season when you're desperate for relief from Colorado's heat. Fuel savings: Efficient A/C systems use less engine power, improving fuel economy during mountain driving and high-altitude operation. Avoid emergency charges: A/C failures always happen at the worst times. Preventive service helps avoid expensive emergency service calls. Warranty protection: Regular maintenance often preserves warranty coverage on A/C components, protecting your investment. Environmental Considerations Refrigerant regulations: Proper A/C service includes responsible refrigerant handling and disposal, meeting environmental regulations and protecting Colorado's clean air. System efficiency: Well-maintained A/C systems have lower environmental impact and contribute to better air quality in Colorado Springs. Leak prevention: Stopping refrigerant leaks protects the environment and saves you money on expensive refrigerant replacement. Don't Wait for Failure A/C problems never happen at convenient times. System failures are most common during heat waves when you need cooling most and when repair shops are busiest with emergency calls. Planning advantages: Choose your service timing instead of being forced into emergency repairs Get better appointment availability Take advantage of pre-season service specials Ensure reliable operation when you need it most Stay Cool Through Colorado's Temperature Extremes Colorado Springs' unpredictable weather demands reliable climate control in your vehicle. From scorching summer afternoons to unexpected warm spells in fall and spring, your A/C system needs to be ready for whatever Mother Nature throws at you. Don't let A/C failure ruin your mountain adventures or make daily commuting miserable during Colorado's intense summer heat. Whether you're driving through the city or heading up to explore the mountains around Pikes Peak, reliable air conditioning isn't just about comfort – it's about safety and peace of mind. Schedule your A/C service today. Our experienced technicians understand the unique challenges of Colorado's high-altitude climate and will ensure your air conditioning system is ready for the temperature extremes ahead. We'll check all components, test system performance, and address any issues before they become expensive emergency repairs. Stay comfortable and confident knowing your A/C will work when Colorado's weather demands it most.

Finding a trustworthy auto repair shop in Colorado Springs can feel overwhelming with so many options available. But choosing the right shop is crucial for Colorado drivers who face unique challenges like high-altitude driving, extreme temperature swings, and demanding mountain roads. The wrong choice can cost you money, time, and even put your safety at risk on routes to Pikes Peak or during sudden weather changes. Here's your complete guide to finding an auto repair shop that understands Colorado driving and will keep your vehicle running reliably through every season. Look for Colorado-Specific Experience Mountain driving expertise: Colorado Springs drivers need shops that understand the stress mountain driving puts on vehicles. Look for technicians who know how altitude affects engine performance, brake systems, and cooling components. High-altitude knowledge: At 6,035 feet above sea level, vehicles operate differently than at lower elevations. The right shop understands how thin air affects everything from fuel mixture to battery performance. Weather preparedness: Colorado's rapid weather changes require shops that can properly prepare vehicles for temperature swings from 80 degrees to freezing in the same week. Local route familiarity: Shops that understand the demands of routes like the Pikes Peak Highway, trips to Woodland Park, or daily commutes through Garden of the Gods traffic can better serve Colorado Springs drivers. Check Certifications and Training ASE certification: Look for technicians certified by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence. These certifications show ongoing education and expertise in specific vehicle systems. Manufacturer training: Shops with factory training on your vehicle's make and model often provide better service and use correct parts and procedures. Continuing education: The best shops invest in ongoing training as vehicle technology advances. Ask about recent training programs their technicians have completed. Equipment investments: Modern vehicles require specialized diagnostic equipment. Quality shops invest in the latest tools to properly diagnose and repair today's complex vehicles. Research Reputation and Reviews Online reviews: Check Google, Yelp, and Better Business Bureau ratings. Look for patterns in reviews rather than focusing on single complaints or praise. Local recommendations: Ask neighbors, coworkers, and friends for referrals. Personal recommendations from people who drive Colorado roads carry significant weight. Length of operation: Shops that have served Colorado Springs for many years have likely built their reputation through consistent quality service. Community involvement: Shops that sponsor local events or support community organizations often have strong ties to the area and care about their reputation. Evaluate Communication and Transparency Clear explanations: Good shops explain problems in terms you can understand, not confusing technical jargon designed to intimidate you into expensive repairs. Written estimates: Reputable shops provide detailed written estimates that break down parts and labor costs before starting any work. Before-and-after photos: The best shops show you problem areas and explain why repairs are necessary, often using photos or showing you the damaged parts. Progress updates: Quality shops keep you informed throughout the repair process, especially if they discover additional problems or if timing changes. Assess Facilities and Equipment Clean, organized workspace: A well-maintained shop indicates attention to detail and professionalism that likely extends to their work quality. Modern diagnostic equipment: Today's vehicles require sophisticated computer diagnostic tools. Outdated equipment can't properly diagnose modern vehicle problems. Proper tool investments: Quality shops invest in the right tools for the job rather than trying to make do with inadequate equipment. Parts availability: Shops with good supplier relationships can get quality parts quickly, reducing your vehicle's downtime. Understand Pricing and Value Fair pricing structure: While the cheapest option isn't always best, prices should be reasonable for your area. Get estimates from multiple shops for major repairs. Parts quality options: Good shops offer choices between original equipment, aftermarket, and used parts, explaining the differences and warranties for each. Labor rate transparency: Shops should clearly explain their hourly labor rates and how they calculate repair time estimates. No surprise charges: Reputable shops get approval before performing additional work or adding charges beyond the original estimate. Verify Insurance and Warranties Proper licensing: Ensure the shop has current business licenses required by Colorado Springs and El Paso County. Insurance coverage: The shop should carry adequate liability insurance to protect you if something goes wrong during repairs. Work warranties: Quality shops stand behind their work with written warranties on both parts and labor. Warranty honoring: Ask how the shop handles warranty issues and whether they honor warranties even if you move or travel. Test Their Customer Service Initial phone contact: How staff handles your initial call often reflects their overall customer service approach. Appointment scheduling: Quality shops respect your time and provide realistic timeframes for repairs. Explanation patience: Good shops take time to answer questions without making you feel rushed or stupid. Follow-up service: The best shops follow up after repairs to ensure you're satisfied and the vehicle is performing properly. Ask the Right Questions Diagnostic procedures: How do they diagnose problems? Do they charge for diagnostic time? What happens to that fee if you have them do the repair? Parts sourcing: Where do they get parts? Do they offer different quality levels? What warranties come with parts? Technician assignments: Will the same technician work on your vehicle throughout the repair? How experienced are they with your vehicle type? Timeline estimates: How long will repairs take? What factors might extend that timeframe? Red Flags to Avoid High-pressure tactics: Avoid shops that pressure you into immediate expensive repairs or claim your vehicle is unsafe to drive without major work. Vague estimates: Be wary of shops that won't provide written estimates or give only verbal "ballpark" figures. No diagnostic explanation: Quality shops explain what they found and why specific repairs are needed. Payment demands: Avoid shops that demand full payment upfront or only accept cash for large repairs. Consider Convenience Factors Location accessibility: Choose a shop that's convenient to your home or work, making drop-off and pickup easier. Service hours: Look for shops with hours that work with your schedule, including some weekend availability. Transportation options: Some shops offer loaner cars, shuttle service, or other transportation assistance during repairs. Online scheduling: Modern shops often offer online appointment scheduling and status updates for added convenience. Build a Long-Term Relationship Regular maintenance: Once you find a good shop, use them for regular maintenance to build a relationship and maintenance history. Record keeping: Quality shops maintain detailed records of your vehicle's service history, which helps with future diagnostics and warranty claims. Preventive advice: Good shops suggest maintenance timing and identify potential problems before they become expensive failures. Emergency availability: Having a relationship with a trusted shop means better service during emergency situations. Make the Right Choice for Colorado Driving Choosing the right auto repair shop in Colorado Springs isn't just about finding the cheapest option or the closest location. It's about finding professionals who understand the unique demands Colorado driving places on your vehicle and who will keep you safe on mountain roads and through unpredictable weather changes. Your vehicle is one of your largest investments, and Colorado's challenging driving conditions make proper maintenance and repair even more critical. Don't trust that investment to just anyone – choose a shop that demonstrates the expertise, integrity, and commitment to customer service that Colorado Springs drivers deserve. Ready to experience the difference that Colorado-focused expertise makes? Contact us today to discuss your vehicle's needs and learn how our experienced team can keep you running safely and reliably through every Colorado adventure. We're committed to earning your trust through transparent communication, quality work, and service that puts your safety and satisfaction first.

Fall in Colorado Springs brings beautiful weather for mountain drives and outdoor adventures, but it also brings the conditions that cause more car battery failures than any other time of year. The combination of temperature swings, high altitude, and increased electrical demands can leave you stranded in a parking lot or on a remote mountain road when your battery gives up without warning. Don't let a dead battery ruin your fall plans or leave you stranded when temperatures drop. Here's everything you need to know about keeping your battery healthy through Colorado's challenging fall season. Why Fall Is Peak Battery Failure Season Temperature shock: Colorado Springs can see 70-degree days followed by freezing nights during fall. These rapid temperature changes stress battery components and reduce their ability to hold a charge. A battery that starts your car fine on a warm afternoon might fail completely the next cold morning. Chemical reaction slowdown: Car batteries rely on chemical reactions to produce electricity. When temperatures drop below 32°F, battery capacity drops by 20% or more. At higher elevations around Colorado Springs, this effect is even more pronounced. Increased electrical demands: Fall brings shorter days, which means more use of headlights, heater fans, and defrost systems. These increased electrical loads stress an already weakening battery system. High-altitude effects: Colorado Springs sits at 6,035 feet above sea level. The lower air pressure and temperature extremes at this elevation put additional stress on battery performance compared to sea-level conditions. Recognize the Warning Signs Early Your battery usually gives warning signs before it fails completely. Learning to spot these early indicators can prevent you from getting stranded. Slow engine cranking: If your engine turns over more slowly than normal, especially on cold mornings, your battery is struggling. This is often the first sign of battery weakness. Dim headlights: Headlights that seem dimmer than usual, especially when idling, indicate your battery isn't providing adequate power to your electrical system. Dashboard warning lights: Battery or charging system warning lights are obvious indicators, but don't ignore other electrical warning lights that might signal battery problems. Electrical issues: Power windows moving slowly, radio settings being lost, or interior lights dimming when starting the engine all suggest battery problems. Corrosion buildup: White, blue, or green buildup around battery terminals indicates acid leakage and potential battery failure. Test Your Battery Before Problems Start Professional testing: Auto parts stores and service centers can test your battery's capacity and charging system performance. This is especially important before fall weather arrives in Colorado Springs. Visual inspection: Check battery terminals for corrosion, cables for damage, and the battery case for cracks or swelling. Mountain driving and temperature extremes can cause physical damage to batteries. Voltage testing: A healthy battery should read about 12.6 volts when the engine is off and 13.7-14.7 volts when running. Lower readings indicate problems. Load testing: This professional test simulates the electrical demands of starting your car and reveals batteries that might fail under stress. Colorado-Specific Battery Challenges Elevation effects: The lower air pressure at Colorado Springs' elevation affects battery performance. Batteries work harder and may not last as long as they would at sea level. Temperature extremes: Daily temperature swings of 40-50 degrees are common during fall. These extreme changes accelerate battery aging and reduce lifespan. Dry climate: Colorado's low humidity can increase static electricity and affect battery performance. It also accelerates the evaporation of battery electrolyte. Mountain driving demands: Frequent trips to higher elevations like Pikes Peak, Woodland Park, or Cripple Creek put extra stress on batteries due to altitude changes and increased electrical system demands. Extend Your Battery Life Keep terminals clean: Clean battery terminals monthly with a wire brush and baking soda solution. Apply terminal protectant spray to prevent future corrosion. Secure battery properly: Vibration from rough mountain roads can damage battery internals. Make sure your battery is properly secured in its tray. Limit short trips: Frequent short trips don't give your battery time to fully recharge. Take longer drives occasionally to maintain battery health. Turn off accessories: Before shutting off your engine, turn off lights, radio, and other electrical accessories to reduce the load on your battery during the next startup. Park smart: When possible, park in a garage or sheltered area to protect your battery from extreme temperature swings. When to Replace Your Battery Age matters: Most car batteries last 3-5 years under normal conditions. In Colorado's challenging climate, replacement every 3-4 years is more realistic. Seasonal timing: Fall is actually the best time to replace an aging battery. You'll avoid the rush and higher prices that come during winter emergency replacement situations. Performance testing: If your battery fails a load test or shows reduced capacity, replace it before it leaves you stranded. Visual damage: Cracks, swelling, or excessive corrosion indicate immediate replacement needs. Choose the Right Battery for Colorado Cold cranking amps (CCA): This rating indicates how much power your battery can deliver in cold conditions. Colorado Springs drivers should choose batteries with higher CCA ratings than minimum requirements. Reserve capacity: This measures how long your battery can run essential systems if your charging system fails. Longer reserve capacity is valuable for mountain driving where help might be far away. Battery type considerations: Standard flooded batteries: Least expensive but require more maintenance AGM batteries: Better performance in extreme temperatures, maintenance-free Gel batteries: Excellent for extreme conditions but more expensive Emergency Preparedness Jumper cables: Keep high-quality jumper cables in your vehicle. In Colorado's remote mountain areas, you might need to help yourself or others. Portable jump starter: Battery-powered jump starters can save you when no other vehicles are around. This is especially valuable for Colorado's backcountry adventures. Emergency kit: Include a flashlight, warm clothing, and emergency supplies in case battery failure strands you in cold weather. Know your routes: When driving to remote areas around Colorado Springs, let someone know your planned route and expected return time. Professional Battery Services Comprehensive testing: Professional battery testing checks not just the battery but the entire charging system, including alternator and voltage regulator performance. Proper installation: Correct battery installation ensures proper connections and prevents problems that can damage your new battery. Disposal services: Auto service centers properly dispose of old batteries and often provide core credits toward new battery purchases. Warranty protection: Professional installation often includes warranty coverage that protects your investment. Don't Wait for Failure Battery problems always happen at the worst possible times. A dead battery doesn't care if you're running late for work, heading out for a weekend mountain adventure, or trying to get home during the first snowfall of the season. Preventive replacement benefits: Choose your timing instead of having it chosen for you Avoid emergency service calls and higher costs Prevent getting stranded in dangerous locations Maintain reliable transportation through winter Stay Powered Through Fall Adventures Fall in Colorado Springs offers some of the year's best driving weather, from scenic mountain drives to daily commutes with stunning views. Don't let a failing battery keep you from enjoying everything the season has to offer or leave you stranded when temperatures drop unexpectedly. Whether you're planning weekend trips to see fall colors in the mountains or just want reliable transportation through Colorado's unpredictable weather changes, a healthy battery is your first line of defense against roadside emergencies. Schedule your battery test today. Our experienced technicians will thoroughly test your battery and charging system to ensure you're ready for fall and winter driving in Colorado Springs. We'll help you choose the right battery for Colorado conditions and install it properly to give you reliable starting power when you need it most. Don't wait for a dead battery to ruin your plans – get the peace of mind that comes with knowing your vehicle will start every time.

Summer in Colorado Springs brings beautiful weather and endless outdoor adventures. But the combination of high altitude, intense UV rays, and temperature swings can be tough on your vehicle. From the Pikes Peak region to the plains, Colorado drivers face unique challenges that can leave them stranded on the side of the road. Here are the most common summer car problems that affect Colorado Springs drivers and what you can do about them. Engine Overheating: A Mile-High Problem Why it happens in Colorado: Our high altitude means thinner air and less oxygen for your engine to breathe. When you combine this with summer heat and mountain driving, your engine works overtime. The steep grades around Colorado Springs, like those leading to Manitou Springs or Garden of the Gods, put extra strain on your cooling system. Warning signs: Temperature gauge climbing higher than normal Steam coming from under the hood Sweet smell of coolant Reduced engine power on hills Tire Blowouts: Hot Roads, Hot Tires Colorado's summer pavement can reach temperatures over 140°F. This extreme heat causes tire pressure to increase, making blowouts more likely. The rocky terrain and occasional road debris from mountain areas add extra risk. What to watch for: Check tire pressure weekly (it changes with altitude) Look for cracks, bulges, or worn tread Replace tires that are more than six years old Keep a good spare tire and jack in your car Air Conditioning Failures Nothing ruins a summer drive through Colorado like a broken AC system. The dry climate and dust from unpaved mountain roads can clog your cabin air filter and strain your AC components. Common AC problems: Weak airflow from clogged filters Refrigerant leaks from worn seals Compressor failure from overuse Strange smells when AC is running Battery Problems in High Altitude Heat Many people think cold weather is hardest on car batteries, but summer heat is actually worse. High temperatures cause battery fluid to evaporate faster. In Colorado Springs, the combination of heat and altitude creates perfect conditions for battery failure. Signs your battery is struggling: Slow engine cranking Dim headlights Dashboard warning lights Corroded battery terminals Cooling System Stress Colorado's mountain driving puts serious demands on your cooling system. Stop-and-go traffic in summer heat, combined with steep climbs to places like Cheyenne Mountain or the Broadmoor area, can cause cooling system failures. Key components that fail: Radiator hoses (crack from heat cycles) Water pump (fails from overwork) Thermostat (sticks closed or open) Coolant reservoir (leaks from pressure) Paint and Interior Damage Colorado's high altitude means less atmosphere to filter UV rays. This intense sunlight can fade your car's paint and crack your dashboard faster than in lower elevations. The dry climate makes the problem worse. Protection tips: Park in shade when possible Use a windshield sunshade Apply UV protection products to your dash Wax your car regularly Preventing Summer Car Problems Regular maintenance is key: Check coolant levels monthly Inspect belts and hoses for cracks Test your AC system before hot weather hits Monitor tire pressure and tread depth Have your battery tested annually Colorado-specific tips: Carry extra water for both you and your radiator Keep emergency supplies for mountain driving Know where the nearest service stations are on remote routes Consider upgrading to heavy-duty cooling components if you drive in the mountains frequently Weather-Related Challenges Colorado Springs weather can change quickly. Summer afternoon thunderstorms bring hail that can damage your car's exterior. Flash floods in low-lying areas can cause serious damage to your vehicle's electrical and mechanical systems. Be prepared for: Sudden temperature drops Hail storms (especially in June and July) Flash flooding in arroyos and low areas Dust storms that clog air filters When to Seek Professional Help Some car problems need immediate attention from a qualified mechanic. Don't ignore warning signs, especially when you're planning mountain trips or long drives across Colorado's varied terrain. Call a professional if you notice: Temperature gauge in the red zone Any fluid leaking under your car Unusual noises from the engine or brakes Dashboard warning lights that stay on AC that blows warm air Keep Your Car Running Strong This Summer Summer car problems don't have to ruin your Colorado adventures. With proper maintenance and attention to warning signs, you can keep your vehicle running smoothly through the hottest months. Don't let a preventable breakdown strand you on your way to the mountains or during your daily commute in Colorado Springs. Our experienced technicians know the unique challenges that Colorado driving presents. We offer comprehensive summer vehicle inspections, cooling system services, AC repairs, and preventive maintenance to keep you on the road safely. Contact us today to schedule your summer vehicle check-up. Beat the heat and drive with confidence knowing your car is ready for whatever Colorado summer throws your way.